In 2014, SEO comes down the main principles:
- On-page optimisation, i.e. Page titles, page descriptions, body headlines, body copy, page URL, images, internal and external links, but NOT meta keywords (they no longer factor in determining rankings)
- Off-page optimisation, i.e links (quality, quantity, paid), social media, Google + and Bing places for businesses, etc
This guide goes into more detail and may be useful to you.